U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is a law‑enforcement agency inside the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). It is the main federal agency that enforces immigration laws inside the United States (away from the border) and also investigates customs, smuggling, and related crimes.
ICE’s power to question, arrest, detain, and remove non‑U.S. citizens (“aliens” in the law) comes primarily from section 287(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), codified at 8 U.S.C. §1357, and implementing regulations at 8 C.F.R. §287.5. These laws authorize immigration officers to:
Within ICE, Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) handles most arrests and deportations of noncitizens inside the country.
CBP Home is a DHS/U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) smartphone app designed for people who are in the U.S. without lawful status to voluntarily arrange their own departure (“self‑deportation”). It is a rebranded version of the earlier CBP One app.
In practice, using CBP Home to self‑deport works roughly like this:
DHS describes CBP Home as a “voluntary, incentivized process” that lets people leave “as regular travelers—without arrest, detention, or restraints,” in contrast to being picked up by ICE.
Publicly available documents indicate the $3,000 stipend and free travel are created and run as an executive-branch program, not as a specific benefit spelled out in statute. The Immigration and Nationality Act allows DHS to run removal and voluntary departure programs, but the exact dollar amounts ($1,000 exit bonus, temporarily increased to $3,000) and the decision to offer free flights are policy choices implemented by DHS, not figures fixed in law.
Key points:
So: the stipend and free flight are DHS policy tools funded out of DHS/CBP/ICE budgets and related interagency “Project Homecoming” funds, not a benefit directly created in statute with a fixed amount written into law.
“Worst of the Worst” is a Department of Homeland Security/ICE branding and data‑publishing initiative, not a formal legal status. It has two main parts:
How individuals are designated:
Tricia McLaughlin is the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs at the Department of Homeland Security. In that role she:
She is not an operational head of ICE; instead, she is the senior official in charge of how DHS (including ICE and CBP) presents its policies and operations to the public, which is why she is quoted in press releases about programs like “Worst of the Worst.”
“Secretary Noem” refers to Kristi Noem, the U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security since 2025. As DHS Secretary, she:
Her authority comes from the Homeland Security Act and other federal laws that vest administration and enforcement of immigration and border laws in the Secretary of Homeland Security.